Bowl in beaver form
Life Story
Yáadu wé S’igeidí S’íx’. Aaa, yaa akanatáx’ wé kháas’. X’oon Lingít naaxh sateeyí sáyá has ayahéin wé S’igeidí. Ch’a tléix’ Ghaanaxh.ádi has du shukáxh sitee wé S’igeidí. Aaa, khuduwa.éex’ áwé has du xh’alitseeni át áyá daak nateech. Has du ghuneitkanaayí gíyá a kaaxh wuduwaxháa wé s’íx’. Gwál eixh áyá, tsaa eixhí kha tsú saak eixhí, a kaaxh wuduwaxháa. Shal teen áyá has du xh’éi duteexh. Tlaxh khúnáxh khaa tóoghaa nateech yáa khu.éex’ daat, wooch een wuduxhaayí.
Here is a Beaver Dish. Yes, it is biting a stick. A number of Tlingit clans claim the Beaver. All of the clans connected to the Ghaanaxh.ádi have the Beaver as their crest.[1] Yes, during the khu.éex’ they bring out their valuable things. Maybe their clan opposites eat from the dish. Probably oil, they ate seal oil and hooligan oil from it. They feed themselves with ladles. People are greatly gratified during the khu.éex’, eating together.
Ishmael Hope, August 2024
References:
[1] Robert Zuboff, Shaadaax’, tells of the shared history of the Ghaanaxh.ádi and other clans such as the Deisheetaan, at many times throughout the recordings of his storytelling. Several dozens of hours of his storytelling is archived in the Dauenhauer Oral Literature Collection, which are housed at the William Paul Archives at the Sealaska Heritage Institute and the Egan Library at the University of Alaska Southeast.
Although this fine bowl has no surface engraving, the eyes, ears and general form suggest a northern Northwest Coast attribution. Bill Holm (personal communication, 1985) considers it to be Tlingit and early nineteenth century at the latest. The naturalism is unusual, but beavers were more often depicted naturalistically than other species. Here, the large incisors, forepaws gripping the stick, and the broad, thick tail show beaver in a typical pose.
The wood (probably alder) is completely blackened and saturated with oil, suggesting a long period of use. Such bowls were used at feasts to serve fish oil or seal oil, which was eaten with dried salmon and other delicacies. Fish oil was extracted, by boiling, from the candlefish or olachen (see Krause, 1956:122,130) and preserved in wooden chests.
Large quantities of oil were accumulated, and then either consumed or distributed at potlatch feasts. One of the main routes to eminence in northern Northwest Coast societies was through public demonstrations of abundance and control over valued resources. Food and crest artworks were material manifestations of such abundance, and the potlatch was the occasion when this wealth was displayed, consumed or given away (see Rosman and Rubel, 1971; de Laguna, 1972:606-51, and Jonaitis, 1986: 42-50, for an assessment of the potlatch, a large-scale gathering linked to mortuary rites which involved feasting, singing, dance entertainment and distributions of food and property). A man could gain great prestige by hosting a potlatch and demonstrating publicly his ability to mobilise large quantities of food and goods. By doing so he honoured the dead in an appropriate manner, repaid groups who had contributed to earlier funeral rites, and also validated the status of his family or clan. Such munificence did not lead to impoverishment, for a donor would soon be a recipient on another occasion.
Some of the finest sculptures from the Northwest Coast are bowls in which the body of a human or animal becomes the vessel. Sturtevant et al. (1974) illustrate many fine examples in the Smithsonian Institution. The animal crests with which they are decorated relate to the original owner for whom they were carved, although bowls could themselves be distributed as valuables. The walls of this bowl are thin and there are two holes in the flat rim, probably for a suspension cord. There is an oldpaper label on the base with the number 845 in black ink.
Steven Hooper, 1997
(Entry taken from Robert and Lisa Sainsbury Collection catalogue, Vol. 2: Pacific, African and Native North American Art, edited by Steven Hooper, Yale University Press, 1997).
Exhibitions
'Empowering Art: Indigenous Creativity and Activism from North America's Northwest Coast', Sainsbury Centre, Norwich, 12/3/23 - 30/7/23
Provenance
Purchased by Robert and Lisa Sainsbury from K. J. Hewett in 1966.
Donated to the Sainsbury Centre, University of East Anglia in 1973 as part of the original gift.
Not on display
Title/Description: Bowl in beaver form
Born: 1750 - 1850
Object Type: Bowl
Materials: Wood
Measurements: l. 229 x w. 229 x d. 110 mm
Accession Number: 123
Historic Period: Late 18th/early 19th century
Production Place: North America, Northwest Coast, The Americas
Cultural Group: Tlingit
Credit Line: Donated by Robert and Lisa Sainsbury, 1973
